“This is a carefully researched and well presented book. “Mullins not only provides a challenging reinterpretation of both American and British naval thought at a critical juncture, but his focus on organizational culture and political context is one that can fruitfully be followed in studies of contemporary policy-making.” (Sir Lawrence Freedman, Emeritus Professor of War Studies, King's College London, UK) It is a ‘must’ read for any student of British and American naval strategy in the pre-dreadnought era.” (Professor Holger H. It is cogently argued, measured in tone, exhaustive in research, and well written. Using an extensive archival research methodology, Mullins links the service culture of British and American navies to the policymaking process in general, and to the Naval Defence Act of 1889 and Secretary Tracy’s Annual Report to Congress of 1890 in particular.

It is also essential reading for those interested in the naval arms race during this period. This study will be of interest not only to historians but to political scientists, sociologists, and others working in the fields of international relations, strategic studies, policy analysis, and military learning, adaptation and innovation. It pays particular attention to activities of the key individuals in both countries’ navies, who were instrumental in transforming their respective services’ organizational culture. In examining the development of strategic thinking in the Royal and US Navies, it overturns conventional wisdom regarding genesis of the Naval Defence Act and the US Navy’s about-face from a defensive to an offensive strategic orientation.

This volume examines the transformation of British and US naval policy from 1870 to 1889, which resulted in the British Naval Defence Act (1889), the construction of the first modern US battleships, and began the naval arms race which culminated in World War One.

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